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What is a neurotologist?
Neurotologists are otolaryngologists- head and neck surgeons that have undergone additional training and are experts in complex surgeries of the ear and temporal bone. Some of the most common procedures that we perform include the restoration of hearing with cochlear implants both in adults and children, ossicular chain reconstruction and tympanoplasty. Dr. Cristobal also routinely performs surgeries for chronic ear infections, difficult perforations of the eardrum and for newly diagnosed or recurrent cholesteatoma using microscopic and endoscopic techniques in order to minimize recovery time and to maximize the chances of success.

As a neurotologist, Dr. Cristobal treats surgically complex tumors deep to the ear (along the lateral skull base), while focusing on preserving the anatomical integrity and function of vital adjacent nerves that provide sensation to the face and throat, movement to the vocal cords, tongue, eye, and shoulder, and of the blood vessels in the area. Dr. Cristobal is also trained on the treatment of these tumors with “focused” stereotactic three dimensional radiation (Gamma Knife and Cyberknife). The most common tumors treated in his practice include acoustic neuroma, a tumor of the nerve of balance that connects the ear to the brain, as well as “glomus” or paraganglioma tumors. Other unusual conditions treated include spinal fluid leaks into the ear and the repair of encephaloceles, a condition in which the brain sags into the ear through a defect in the bone.